Cable Faults Detection Localisation

The article deals with the required information concerning the varieties of faults and the causes of faults occur in underground cables. It also deals with the detection, localization and rectification of the faults.

CABLE FAULTS - DETECTION & LOCALISATION
On evaluation it has been discovered that about 70% of the external faults are noted as beneath cable faults so the efficiency of the maintenance of exterior vegetation largely depends upon the correct planning, execution, constructional practices and maintenance of cable network i.e. the primary, secondary and distribution cables, cabinets, pillars, DPs etc. Moreover one cable fault usually results a large number of circuits even upto 3600 circuits. So correct care and vigilance on the cable fault location network is of utmost importance.

THE GENERAL TYPES OF CABLE FAULTS:-

(A) Earth fault When the insulation between the earth and the conductor within the cable becomes very low.

(b) Low insulation fault.:: When the insulation between conductors in the cable or between the pairs or between pair and earth falls below a prescribed restrict (normally 0.5 meg ohm) This may be as a result of entry of moisture or due to failure of wire insulation.

(c) Disconnection Fault:: When the Conductor is lower then the fault is called break fault or is called High Resistance fault when High Resistance is launched in the circuit.

(d) Quick Circuit Fault:: When the resistance between the wires or between the conductors becomes very low even without any loop in the circuit on the pairs. This is also called contact fault.
pressure in the cable signifies the sheath fault within the cable and therefore the entire cable drum needs to be despatched back to the manufacturer. Correct laying can stop a large number of the aforesaid reasons. Joint is the weakest portion in the size of the cables. So proper and utmost care should be taken on the time of jointing by utilizing commonplace sort and amount of jointing material and employing environment friendly workmen.

Any how cable faults cannot be totally avoided and any of the above faults or a number of faults collectively could crop up on account of any reason. The effect of the fault is either disconnection of communication or impairment or transmitted signals